Discrete inertial manifolds

This work is devoted to attractive invariant manifolds for nonautonomous difference equations, occurring in the discretization theory for evolution equations. Such invariant sets provide a discrete counterpart to inertial manifolds of dissipative FDEs and evolutionary PDEs. We discuss their essential properties, like smoothness, the existence of an asymptotic phase, normal hyperbolicity and attractivity in a nonautonomous framework of pullback attraction. As application we show that inertial manifolds of the Allen–Cahn and complex Ginzburg–Landau equation persist under discretization. For the Ginzburg–Landau equation we can also estimate the dimension of the inertial manifold. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Observation of Electrostatic Microfield Inside Charged Latex Particles by Digital Reconstruction from Electron Holograms

１ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＥｌｅｃｔｒｏｎｈｏｌｏｇｒａｐｈｙｈａｓｎｏｗｂｅｃｏｍｅａｐｏｗｅｒｆｕｌｔｏｏｌｆｏｒｄｉｒｅｃｔｏｂｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎｏｆｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｍａｇｎｅｔｉｃｍｉｃｒｏｆｉｅｌｄ，ｆｏｒｔｈｅｒｅａｓｏｎｔｈａｔｃｏｈｅｒ...     

静电式同位素辐射能量收集器的研究

针对目前无线传感网络节点对长寿命微能源的需求,提出了将同位素辐射能量转换为电能的静电式振动能量收集原理.该原理利用同位素63Niβ辐射能实现平行板悬浮-质量块结构的自由阻尼振动,并通过可变电容电路实现充-放电振荡循环,从而实现电能的转换.通过分析运动状态和能量转化过程,给出了结构的运动状态和能量输出方程,并使用Matlab/Simulink对输出特性进行了数值模拟和基于Ansys的结构优化设计.根据仿真和优化的结构尺寸设计出了满足最大平均输出功率的微电子机械器件结构.结果表明:所设计的结构在一阶固有频率为500 Hz,两极板间距离为75μm,外接电阻为90 k?时平均输出功率最大为0.416μW,转化效率8.25%.     

静电场描绘的一种改进方法

本文介绍的是使用算术平均法作出等势线,描绘静电场。与课本中的方法进行比较,结果误差更小,更准确的描绘了静电场的分布。     

用静电自组装法制备的石墨烯薄膜特性研究

本文采用静电自组装技术制备石墨烯薄膜,以带正电的聚乙烯亚胺作为粘结剂,将带负电的氧化石墨烯自组装在粘结剂上,形成多层氧化石墨烯/聚乙烯亚胺复合膜,然后在肼蒸汽下还原得到石墨烯薄膜样品,并利用石墨烯薄膜的紫外吸收光谱、椭圆偏振光谱、扫描电镜图谱及拉曼光谱对其层数、厚度、形貌及还原效果进行了研究。研究表明此方法制备的石墨烯薄膜具有杂质含量少、层数与膜厚微观可控且膜厚均匀等优点。通过调节组装材料种类、浓度和组装次数可制备出结构和功能自由控制的石墨烯薄膜,且此方法与微电子工艺兼容,易于制作石墨烯晶体管,因此在石墨烯晶体管领域具有广阔的应用前景。     

静电场中电场强度的数值意义

“近场强远场弱”是静电场的普遍特点,宏观带电体的静电场是点电荷电场叠加的结果.本文以静电场中两个实际的电场强度问题为例,用相对数值比较了电荷分布对电场强度的贡献,阐述电场强度“近场强远场弱”的数值意义.     

Viscosity of Collagen Solutions: Influence of Concentration,Temperature, Adsorption,and Role of Intermolecular Interactions

An investigation of the influences of the adsorption, electrolyte, shear rate, and temperature on the viscometric behavior of collagen solutions was performed using a photoelectric viscometer. The experimental results showed an abnormal behavior of the reduced viscosity (η_sp/C) of dilute collagen solutions measured by a viscometer with or without a hydrophobic surface treatment; the reduced viscosity increased with decreasing concentration. This phenomenon can be completely eliminated by increasing the concentration of an added salt. It indicated that the abnormal viscosity resulted from a long-ranged, inter-molecular electrostatic force. The reduced viscosity decreased as the shear rate increased. The shear-thinning cavitation phenomenon resulted from the high aspect ratio of the collagen molecules. The reduced viscosity of the collagen solutions increased with an increase in temperature, which was due to the association of collagen molecules at high temperature.     

Protonation state and free energy calculation of HIV-1 protease–inhibitor complex based on electrostatic polarisation effect

The protonation states of catalytic Asp25/25′ residues remarkably affect the binding mechanism of the HIV-1 protease–inhibitor complex. Here we report a molecular dynamics simulation study, which includes electrostatic polarisation effect, to investigate the influence of Asp25/25′ protonation states upon the binding free energy of the HIV-1 protease and a C₂-symmetric inhibitor. Good agreements are obtained on inhibitor structure, hydrogen bond network, and binding free energy between our theoretical calculations and the experimental data. The calculations show that the Asp25 residue is deprotonated, and the Asp25′ residue is protonated. Our results reveal that the Asp25/25′ residues can have different protonation states when binding to different inhibitors although the protease and the inhibitors have the same symmetry. This study offers some insights into understanding the protonation state of HIV-1 protease–inhibitor complex, which could be helpful in designing new inhibitor molecules.     

荷电植物润滑油的摩擦学性能研究

采用表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠对LB-2000植物润滑油进行改性,获得了适用于静电喷雾润滑的植物润滑油.用傅立叶变换红外光谱仪表征了荷电前后润滑油的分子结构,分析了其荷电及理化性能.在四球摩擦磨损试验机上考察了静电喷雾润滑条件下润滑油的摩擦学性能,用光学显微镜和X射线光电子能谱仪对钢球磨斑表面和下试盘进行了表征.结果表明:荷电后润滑油分子极性增大,黏度、接触角、表面张力减小,电晕电场产生活性粒子O3、O加速新生表面氧化;在摩擦界面,吸附膜和金属氧化膜共同作用,促进润滑膜的形成,使荷电植物润滑油具有良好的减摩抗磨性能.     

Systematic study on α-decay half-lives of uranium isotopes with a screened electrostatic barrier

In the present work, we systematically study the α-decay half-lives of uranium (Z=92) isotopes based on the Gamow model with a screened electrostatic barrier. There are only two adjustable parameters in our model i.e. the parameter g and the screening parameter t in the Hulthen potential for considering the screened electrostatic effect of the Coulomb potential. The calculated results are in good agreement with experimental data, and the corresponding root-mean-square (rms) deviations of uranium isotopes with α transition orbital angular momentum l=0 and l=2 are 0.141 and 0.340, respectively. Moreover, we extend this model to predict α-decay half-lives of uranium isotopes whose α decay is energetically allowed or observed but not yet quantified in NUBASE2020. For comparison, the modified Hatsukawa formula (XLZ), the unified Royer formula (DZR), the universal decay law (UDL) and the Viola–Seaborg–Sobiczewski formula (VSS) are also used. The predictions are basically consistent with each other. Meanwhile, the results also indicate that N=126 shell closure is still robust at Z=92 and the spectroscopic factor \begin{document}$ S_{\alpha} $\end{document} is almost the same for uranium isotopes with the same l.